Invention of Credit Cards

Invention of Credit Cards What is credit? And what is a credit card? Credit is a method of selling goods or services without the buyer having cash in hand. So a credit card is simply an automatic way of offering credit to a consumer. Today, every credit card carries an identification number that speeds up shopping transactions. Imagine what a credit purchase would be like without it.  The sales person would have to record your identity, billing address and terms of repayment. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the use of credit cards originated in the United States during the 1920s, when individual firms, such as oil companies and hotel chains, began issuing them to customers. However, references to credit cards have been made as far back as 1890 in Europe. Early credit cards involved sales directly between the merchant offering the credit and credit card and that merchants customer. Around 1938, companies started to accept each others cards. Today, credit cards allow you to make purchases with countless third parties. The Shape of Credit Cards Credit cards were not always been made of plastic. Throughout history, there have been credit tokens made from metal coins, metal plates, and celluloid, metal, fiber, paper and now mostly plastic cards. First Bank Credit Card The inventor of the first bank issued credit card was John Biggins of the Flatbush National Bank of Brooklyn in New York. In 1946, Biggins invented the Charge-It program between bank customers and local merchants. The way it worked was that merchants could deposit sales slips into the bank and the bank billed the customer who used the card. Diners Club Credit Card In 1950, the Diners Club issued their credit card in the United States. The Diners Club credit card was invented by Diners  Club founder Frank McNamara as a way to pay restaurant bills. A customer could eat without cash at any restaurant that would accept Diners Club credit cards. Diners Club would pay the restaurant and the credit card holder would repay Diners Club. The Diners Club card was at first technically a charge card rather than a credit card since the customer had to repay the entire amount when billed by Diners  Club. American Express issued their first credit card in 1958. Bank of America issued the BankAmericard (now Visa) bank credit card later in 1958. The Popularity of Credit Cards Credit cards were first promoted to traveling salesmen (they were more common in that era) for use on the road. By the early 1960s, more companies offered credit cards by advertising them as a time-saving device rather than a form of credit. American Express and MasterCard became huge successes overnight. By the mid-70s, the U.S. Congress begin regulating the credit card industry by banning practices such as the mass mailing of active credit cards to those who had not requested them. However, not all regulations have been as consumer friendly. In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court in case Smiley vs. Citibank lifted restrictions on the number of late penalty fees a credit card company could charge. Deregulation has also allowed very high-interest rates to be charged.

University Admission Essay

University Admission Essay University Admission Essay Secrets of University Admission Essay Writing University admission essay writing is a serious assignment as you have to take into account numerous aspects of your life and then squeeze all that information into a two-three page essay. Not an easy task, is it? Moreover, your university admission essay must be nothing less than brilliant; otherwise, youll never get accepted into university of your dreams. One of our senior writers was a member of admission committee at one of the reputable American universities. We asked him to share his opinion on winning university admission essays. Here are several suggestions:http://.com/blog/writing-admission-essay Bad University Admission Essays More than 90% of applications are poorly written. Those university admission essays never get a single chance to be accepted. Bad university admission essays are five-paragraph papers which are nothing more than a group of unrelated and unsupported sentences. There are no mistakes or grammar problems, but they are boring to read and do not get any attention. Bad admission essays open with the general statement which provides immediate answer to the stated question. Such openings deprive admission committees of an opportunity to be interested in reading till the final sentence. Yes, you must keep the attention of the reader from the very first lines. In overall, there is nothing wrong with the boring university admission essays. However, such an essay will never contribute to your admission, unless you have the best grades in the city. Good University Admission Essays Good university admission essays are not the ones which are written in untraditional way. Good university admission essays are excellent because of their voice. It means that good essay shows your personality rather than tells about it. By showing, I mean that you must appeal to all of the senses. Even if you think that the topic is not relevant (of course, you should not go into description of the absolutely irrelevant issues), the way you present it determines whether you get admitted or not. In addition, you should show respect to the intelligence of the reader. Your good university admission essay should focus on ideas which come behind the details. Finally, do not forget that precision is a power in your university admission essay. Custom Written University Essays If you want to get the best written university admission essays, you may confidently ask our professional essay writers for assistance. We are able to write good university admission essays because we are aware of all the secrets of admission process. Moreover, our writers are experienced and have already helped many students! Do not delay your successful university admission essay writing! Read also: Critical Essay Outline Essays on Patriotism Assignments for Sale Maths Coursework

Define the Word ( not asking dictionary definitions) Assignment - 1

Define the Word ( not asking dictionary definitions) - Assignment Example Hence, sublime is like a documentary, which has a collection of the art, music, technology, nature, lifestyle and culture of the America. Such include the technological and natural changes as represented by the artists in different forms. As used in the readings, representation means a depiction of ideas in visual arts and literature. Such include the depiction of ethical concerns of the Americans in literature. Thus, representation provides a unique form of non-verbal communication where pictures, images and literature act as the key substitutes of imagined or remembered things in America (David, 1986). Representation gives meaning and a sense of appreciation of the things, which individuals in their current state are not able to perceive or see. It is vital for representation to occur throughout in artwork to ensure that people can have an actual depiction of the things, which they cannot see in their current physical

Customer Service Training Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Customer Service Training - Assignment Example he paper will identify ways through which deficiencies would be eliminated by justifying the use of needs assessment of the company’s given employee training program. Undoubtedly, training can play a vital role for the success of an organization. Organizations (associated with customer service specifically) hold various training sessions as it is one of the appropriate techniques to meet the goals and objectives and to attain efficient production. Training session for new employees helps them to settle in the fresh new environment and get used to with the company’s policies. Furthermore, these training sessions also helps the new employees regarding the better use of technology and IT (Handy, 2008). Since customer service is a very delicate and important aspect for any business, therefore, it should be noted that the new employees must learn ways through which they can perform better. Also, it can create a steadfast team of their own that has the tendency to overcome issues and fulfill the customer requirements under every circumstance (Marquardt, 2000). The best way to hold a training session for the new employees is through needs assessment technique. There is an avid need to identify the loopholes or the actual training needs that are required by the company, and should be prioritized. For example in the present case of training new employees, there is an obvious need to address them the basic rules and policies of the company regarding customer services and how it stands out in the market. Furthermore, there are numerous tasks and functions that cannot be done without proper training or guidance, for example, the use of technology / IT in the company, etc. This approach would result in paramount returns by investing time and training on the employees by correctly identifying the basic needs, issues in customer service, and other work related queries, while it also helps inappropriately appointing the right employee at the right place (Evenson,

Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday Essay Example for Free

Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday Essay Bill Crow’s Jazz Anecdotes is a thought-provoking, often amusing collection of stories from within jazz’s inner circles, told by and about some of the genre’s leading figures. While not a history of jazz, it gives readers some insights to how jazz artists worked, lived, bonded, and coped with an America in which many were still outsiders. The book’s forty-three chapters (expanded from the original 1990 edition) describe the life jazz musicians shared, offering insights into a rather exclusive, unconventional circle of performing artists. The numerous anecdotes are categorized by chapters, gathering related tales and moving from a general overview of jazz life to anecdotes about individuals, like Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Benny Goodman. Essentially, Crow creates a context in which jazz musicians lived, and then places individual musicians within it, giving readers a better understanding of how they functioned in this rarified climate. For example, the volume opens with â€Å"Wild Scenes,† which Crow says describes how â€Å"the individuality of jazz musicians combines with the capricious world in which they try to make a living† (Crow 3). The brief chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book, giving glimpses of the unconventional world jazz musicians inhabited (which explains to some degree their relationship to society at large). â€Å"The Word ‘Jazz’† contains attempts to explain the origins of the genre’s name, and â€Å"Inventions† offers accounts of how certain innovations occurred (such as Dizzy Gillespie’s distinctive bent trumpet), giving the reader a sense of history though the work is not an orthodox history per se. Many of the stories contained in Jazz Anecdotes convey the musicians’ camaraderie and warmth toward each other, as well as each other’s idiosyncrasies. Others convey how difficult and often arbitrary the jazz lifestyle often was. â€Å"Hiring and Firing† demonstrates how unstable many musicians’ careers were, rife with disputes over money or dismissals for their personal quirks. (For example, Count Basie fired Lester Young for refusing to participate in recording sessions occurring on the 13th of any month. ) â€Å"Managers, Agents, and Bosses† offers a glimpse into the seamier underside of jazz, where dishonest managers and mobsters often trapped jazz performers in unfair contracts or worse. Though jazz musicians appear to inhabit a special world, Crow does not discuss jazz in a social vacuum, tying it to social phenomena like race relations. In â€Å"Prejudice,† the tales take a more serious tone by showing how black jazz artists faced abundant racism, particularly in the South. However, Crow notes that â€Å"Jazz helped to start the erosion of racial prejudice in America . . . [because] it drew whites and blacks together into a common experience† (Crow 148). Jazz artists dealt with racism in various ways – Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday stood up to it while Zutty Singleton accepted it. Meanwhile, even white musicians like Stan Smith angered both races – whites for performing with blacks, and blacks for â€Å"intruding on their music† (Crow 152). The final chapters focus on individual artists, illustrating the greats’ personalities. Louis Armstrong emerges as earthy and good-hearted; Bessie Smith as strong and willful but ultimately self-destructive; Fats Waller is an impish pleasure-seeker given to excellent music but poor business decisions; and Benny Goodman as gifted but tight-fisted and controlling. Taken as a whole, Jazz Anecdotes offers a look at jazz’s human side, including its foibles, genius, camaraderie, crookedness, and connection to an American society from which it sometimes stood apart. Its legendary figures are depicted as gifted, devoted artists who enjoyed hedonism, companionship, and particularly independence. If any single thing stands out in this book, it is the latter; for the figures in this work, jazz meant creativity and freedom, which they pursued with equal vigor and vitality. Crow, Bill. Jazz Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

The Jamestown Settlement Essay -- American America History

The Jamestown Settlement A group of Europeans, headed by Bartholomew Gosnold, began planning a possible business venture that would send a group of colonists to what was already known as Virginia. Gosnold was apparently the driving force behind getting this operation in place. Gosnold was referred to as "the first mover of this plantation" by Captain John Smith."(Ward) Merchants from London, Bristol and Plymouth sponsored the voyage and persuaded King James to grant a charter and letters of patent to create the Virginia Company. A strange twist to the story was that the man who worked so hard to get this Company started, Gosnold, was unable to become a member but he did manage to become appointed to the resident council. Their job was to work with Virginia associates and be involved in local affairs for the new colony. The Susan Constant, Discovery, and Godspeed were the three ships that set sail for Virginia, from England in February of 1606. The commander of the three ships was Christopher Newport and not John Smith. "In the early evening of May 13, the expedition reached a narrow pear-shaped peninsula about sixty miles up the river, here on the 1500-acre peninsula, it was decided to erect a fortified town to be called Jamestown."(Ward) They decided to give it the name Jamestown in honor of their king. As soon as they landed they began to build a fort in the form of a triangle. They constructed the fort in this manner for purposes of safety against the natives. A triangular fort gave them one less side that they could get attacked from. The land that they decided to build Jamestown on came with many problems. "They could hardly have made a worse selection. The situation was extremely unhealthful, being low and expos... ...uperior weapons. In 1644, Opechancanough organized another mass attack, which would be his last attempt to drive the English away. 500 settlers were killed but the English, in effect won the war. Opechancanough was captured and killed. The Powhatan villages were literally whipped out. "By 1700, the Powhatan tribesman numbered only 1200 when in 1607 their population was estimated at 9000"(Ward) Works Cited: Pryor, Roger. (1907). The Birth of the Nation. New York, New York. The MacMillan Company. Ward, Harry. (1991). Colonial America, 1607-1763. Englewood, New Jersey. Prentice Hall, Inc. Bridenbaugh, Carl. (1980). Jamestown 1544-1699. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Wertenbaker, Thomas. (1929). The First Americans. New York, New York. The MacMillan Company. Eggleston, Edward. (1930). Pocahontas. New York, New York. Dodd, Mead and Company.

Introduction of Western Religions Essay

Religion is an integral part of human life. Over the years various religions have laid principles with which their followers can easily be identified. Each one of the religions has specific traditions which define them. This discussion looks at three main religions in the west namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam and the traditions that identify each one of these religions. Judaism is one of the oldest religions in the world. Some of the core characteristics of this religion include the belief in one Holy and Supernatural being. This religion does not believe in the existences of many gods but instead they believe that there is only one God who is the creator of the heavens and earth and all that is contained therein. In addition, this religion believes that God who created mankind has concern for the welfare of all human beings. Christianity is equally a monotheistic religion whereby followers believe in the existence of one God. This religion is bended on the life and times of Jesus Christ who is the son of God and who was sent by his Father so as to save mankind. See more: how to write an introduction paragraph Just like in Judaism, Christianity has principles which act as guidelines. Christians believe in the Holy Trinity. The Holy Trinity comprises of God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. They believe that the Holy trinity works in unison. Christians also believe in death of human beings and life after death. They believe that when a person dies he or she will either go to hell or heaven depending on a person’s deeds while on earth. Another pillar or tenet of the Christian faith is the Church which they equate to the body of Christ. Christians also have faith that Jesus Christ will come again to judge those who will be alive and those who will be dead. Islam also believes in the worship of one God. This religion has five main pillars. They include the shahadah. This is the basic tenet in the religion and it involves the confession that Allah is the only true God who deserves to be worshipped by all mankind. Salah is also one of the Islam pillars and it involves praying five times a day while facing a particular direction. Zakat involves giving a part of wealth to the needy people in the society. Sawm refers to the period of fasting where the Muslims fast for a period of one month during the Holy Month of Ramadhan. This is a period when Muslims refrain from pleasures of the world to reflect on God. Hajj is also a pillar of the Muslim faith where faithful walk all the way to Mecca. This is done once in a lifetime. In conclusion, every religion has its core tenets with which it is identified with. For a person to be considered a faithful of a particular religion, they must concur with the laid down principles of the religion. Any person who wishes to join a particular religion must be well aware of the tenets of that particular religion and follow them to the letter. Of these three religions, one common aspect is that they believe in the existence of only one God. This is what is known as monotheistic religion where there is only one God who is to be adored and worshipped.

Occupational Health And Safety Management System Construction Essay

Civil technology is a term of planning, planing, edifice, and direction of the installations that are indispensable to civilisation. As a portion of commanding to cut down wastes in it ‘s all forms ( clip, money, effortaˆÂ ¦etc ) , direction is necessary for the technological progresss due to human wellness and wellbeing and the protection of Earth ‘s ecosystems. The planning, design and building of big, one-of-a-kind systems and constructions is a trademark of civil technology. Civil applied scientists usually apply the rules of geotechnical technology, structural technology, environmental technology, transit technology and building technology to residential, commercial, and industrial and public works undertakings of all sizes and degrees of building. Besides they may work in research, design, building supervising, care, or even in gross revenues or direction. Each of these countries involves different responsibilities, different accents, and different utilizations of the applied scientist ‘s cognition and experience. Much of the work of civil applied scientists is carried on out-of-doorss, frequently in rugged and hard terrain or under unsafe conditions. One of the taking company that provide ready mix concrete is Al Quds Readymix ( AQRM ) in Jordan. It was established in 1996 but In 2005 the company changed into Shareholding Company with a fund of 14 million JD.2. Health and Safety Management:The degree of building safety in a state is affected by a batch of facets such as fluctuations in the labour forces, insurance rates, legal effects, switching economic systems, and the phase of technological development. This issue ca n't be solved by theories ; there should be a systematic process to increase the safety degree through building. The effectual processs include planing, pre-planning, preparation, direction confidence and the development of a safety civilization. Health and safety direction is an duty. Figure 2 show that building Fieldss are the most sectors that indicate hurts. Fig.2: Injuries rates for industry, building, and fabrication. ( 2 )2.1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) :OSHA is federal bureau created by President Richard M Nixon, on December 29, 1970 under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. OSHA aims to forestall work-related hurts, unwellnesss, and occupational human death by publishing and implementing regulations called criterions, to accomplish a healthy and safe environment at workspace will take to: ( 2 ) Bureau of labour statistic, US section of labour, December 2002 Get familiar with hazards and jeopardies and extinguish them. Prevent and protect workers from unwellness and hurts. Eliminate decease accident at the workspace. Give qui vives and information for the directors to assist bettering wellness and safety civilization at the workspace. Improve director ‘s assurance.2.2 Safety Management Systems ( SMS )Safety direction systems can be defined as the specific application ofA quality managementA to safety. It gives an effectual manner to calculate and place jeopardies and hazards. SMS involves that the company should see each hazard or jeopardy within its sections as a peculiarly individual system instead that several. If safety is non seen wholly, it can interfere with the precedences of developments or lead to holes at the safety system willing to construct. An effectual execution of SMS is to hold a clear rating at jeopardies as whole.2.2.1 Construction Occupational Health and Safety Management System ( COHSMS )Construction occupational wellness and safety direction system constitutes a set of steps refering wellness and safety direction that are implemented and operated continually and wholly, performed in concurrence with other direction systems, such as building direction system. The system includes the fol lowers: Declarations of policies related to wellness and safety ( hereinafter referred to as â€Å" wellness and safety policy † or â€Å" project wellness and safety policy † ) . Probe of hazards and/or jeopardies and finding of countermeasures to be taken based on the consequence of the probe. Adoption of marks for wellness and safety ( hereinafter referred to as â€Å" wellness and safety marks † or â€Å" project wellness and safety marks † . Formulation, execution, rating and betterment of programs for wellness and safety ( herein after referred to as â€Å" wellness and safety programs † or â€Å" project wellness and safety programs † .2.3 Construction Safety Planning:Safety planning plays its of import function in building undertaking direction for cut downing unneeded cost and holds related to unsought accidents. Safety planning ensures that safety will be taken into history along with costs, agendas, quality and other of import occupation ends. Safety planning includes placing all possible jeopardies and risky operations and safety steps. This safety planning can be enhanced into safety hazard direction system by adding more undertakings: placing safety jeopardies, sorting hazards, commanding the hazards and supervising the execution. Among these undertakings, safety jeopardy designation is the most of import, since failure to place safety jeopardies means safety steps are non adequately investigated.2.4 Project Safety ManagementHealth and safety in undertakings is a policy that aims to do the direction of wellness and safety hazards an indispensable portion of the undertaking planning procedure. Pull offing wellness and safety is non merely an duty but is besides frequently expected by our concern and research spouses. All undertakings require hazard appraisal and safe systems of work under the wellness and safety regulations. This policy is designed for big or complex undertakings. It provides a agency of uniting wellness and safety certification for the different facets of the undertaking into a clear direction program. There are assorted grounds for sing safety direction as an of import facet in undertakings. The major 1s are: Human Factor: Accidents result in loss of life or in disablement of a human being. It consequences in agony of the dependents on the injured or dead individual. Hence every organisation must recognize the value of safety direction. Law and Regulations: The organisation has to be concerned about the punishments and effects imposed by regulations and ordinances, related to safety. Organizational Image and Reputation: Accidents in the undertakings cut down the assurance degree of clients and stain the organisation ‘s image. Economic Factors: Organization needs to see the disbursals associated due to miss of safety direction. These disbursals can be categorized in Direct and Indirect disbursals. Direct Expenses: ( These are the existent costs incurred in happening of a hazard ) . Expenses incurred in interventions of the injured. Compensations to be provided to the dependents of dead or injured. Increased insurance premiums. Replacement costs. Legal disbursals. Indirect disbursals: Decelerate down in work. Decrease in morale of fellow workers Time lost by other workers. Administrative disbursals. Loss of client assurance. Overtime needed to cover the lost clip. fig.3: Cause of Accidents in the Construction Industry ( 2001 ) . ( 3 ) ( 3 ) www.jniosh.go.jp3. Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) :3.1 Quality Control and Quality Assurance ( QC/QA ) :Quality control ( QC ) is a systematic technique that ensures a merchandise or a service is run intoing the specified quality standards and demands of clients or client. Quality Assurance ( QA ) is a term used for the set of processs that performed to guarantee the merchandise or service is run intoing its demands under the action of production before it ‘s completed. The chief difference between QC and QA is demonstrated below: Systematic activities that are indispensable that provides assurance that demands are right recognized and merchandises or services conform to specified demands. The technique by which merchandise or service quality is compared with criterions ; and commanding the nonconformity issues. QA sets up and evaluates house ‘s procedures QA verifiy if the merchandise or service meets specifications and criterions. QA is the duty of all who works in quality. QC is the duty of the 1 is concerned. QA avoids defect before production. QA Detects, analyze and holes defects3.1.1 Quality Control through Al Quds Ready-mix:Ready assorted concrete production is playing an of import function at building concern environment presents. Al Quds provides a high quality of concrete used in building plants. Production concrete has many different degrees phases and it is necessary to accomplish the needed quality in these operations. Al Quds is be givening to develop the feature of concern processs through the whole company. Al-Quds has a to the full equipped research lab with testing tools for sum and concrete. These tools are calibrated by â€Å" Arab Center for Engineering Surveies † and â€Å" The Royal Scientific Society † . A squad of applied scientists and technicians are qualified to manage proving for bettering the quality of concrete merchandises. As a measure of quality betterment, Al Quds has signed an understanding with â€Å" Arab Center for Engineering Surveies † late to conform the quality of concrete alloy produced and aggregative. Due to this understanding, scheduled random samples are tested and calibrated on a regular basis.3.2 TQM Definition:Entire Quality Management is a technique attack that first established in the 1950 ‘s and has become more popular since the early 1980 ‘s. Entire Quality is a account of the civilization, attitude and organisation of a house that tends to supply clients with merchandises and services with a satisfied quality. TQM is a method by which directors and employees can affect in the uninterrupted betterment of the production. It is a mixture of quality and direction tools intended at increasing net incomes and cut downing losingss as possible.3.2.1 TQM Implementation at Construction Firms:In developing a entire quality civilization in building, one of import measure is to develop a building squad of a chief contractor and subcontractors who would perpetrate to the quality procedure and develop a true quality attitude. Therefore, the chief contractor should merely choose subcontractors who have demonstrated choice attitude and work public presentation on old occupations. Te following basic stairss to implementing TQM in building undertakings: Obtain the committedness of the client to quality ; Generate consciousness, educate, and alter the attitudes of staff ; Develop a procedure attack toward TQM ; Prepare undertaking quality programs for all degrees of work ; Institute uninterrupted betterment ; promote staff engagement and part utilizing quality control circles and motive plans ; and Review quality programs and step public presentation.3.2.2 Resistance to Total Quality Management in ConstructionThe factors which may do opposition in the execution of TQM in building are: Product Diversity: All edifices constructed are alone. Quality is seen as consisting of those merchandise characteristics which meet the individualized demands of the clients and thereby supply merchandise satisfaction, supplemented with a provision of freedom from lacks. Organizational Stability: The building industry has a high figure of organisational prostrations, particularly during a downswing in the economic system. Therefore, commitment toward TQM schemes and policies that may take several old ages to supply †pay offs † may be perceived as futile or a misdirection of resources. As compared to the caput office, the edifice site is ephemeral. Teams specially formed for a undertaking may discontinue to be after contractual duties end.3.3 ISO9001-2000 for Construction Firms:ISO 9001-2000 is a quality direction system standard.A Any building organisation needs a strong direction system to accomplish its benefits as a trade grade 1t the market topographic point. Therefore ISO 9001-2000 is the appropriate tool to increase client satisfaction and productiveness. ISO 9001-2000 offers resource be aftering to effectual monitoring and undertakings control. ISO tends to cut down client ailments by increasing efficiency of quality direction system.4. Fiscal Management:Fiscal direction is a planning systemA for the futureA of a concern activityA to do certain aA constructive hard currency flow. It includes the direction and care of fiscal assets. Fiscal direction contains the procedure of sorting and pull offing hazards. Fiscal direction concerns rating instead than the techniques of fiscal quantification. A fiscal director should take into consideration the informations to command the public presentation of the firm.A Managerial financeA is an interdisciplinary attack that is including both managerial accounting and corporate finance. Financial managementA is the scientific discipline of money direction as experts says. However, A fiscal direction has the precedence human being because every unit needs to look after its fundss.4.1 Types of Construction ContractsWhileA building contractsA serves as a agency of pricing building, they besides construction the allotment of hazard to the assorted parties involved. The proprietor has the exclusive power to make up one's mind what type of contract should be used for a specific installation to be constructed and to put forth the footings in a contractual understanding. It is of import to understand the hazards of the contractors associated with differentA types of building contracts. Lump-Sum Contract: In this type the contractor is responsible of all the hazards, and he is expected to bespeak higher net incomes to avoid sudden failures. Other committednesss are made through this contract such as describing systems or a quality control plan. Any term of cost that is non mentioned the net incomes of the contractor will be reduced by that sum. Unit Price Contract: In this type, the hazard of misguided estimation of unsure measures for some undertakings has been removed from the contractor. Contractors might offer an â€Å" imbalanced command † if they discovered big difference between its estimations and the proprietor ‘s estimations of these measures. Cost plus Fixed Percentage Contract: Some proprietors are forced to see all hazards of cost as overproductions. Particularly in the building that involves engineering. The contractors are acquiring the existent cost plus a fixed per centum. Cost plus Fixed Free Contract: This type is merely every bit same as the one above except that in fixed free ; contractors are acquiring the occupation cost with fixed fee regardless the clip of the occupation. Cost plus Variable Percentage Contract: For this type, the contractor will perpetrate a punishment if the existent cost exceeds the theoretical occupation cost to a punishment if the existent cost exceeds the estimated occupation cost, and on the other sides, contractor is rewarded for cut downing the existent cost. Guaranteed Maximal Cost Contract: Sometimes the proprietor might make up one's mind to inquire the contractor to be responsible of all the hazards ( existent undertaking cost and undertaking clip. Any work alteration orders from the proprietor must be highly minor if at all, since public presentation specifications are provided to the proprietor at the beginning of building. The proprietor and the contractor agree to a undertaking cost guaranteed by the contractor as upper limit. There may be or may non be extra commissariats to portion any nest eggs if any in the contract.4.2 Key Performance Indicator ( KPI )In any house there should be a step of its success and public presentation, hence KPI is a step of how a house is come oning to carry through its mark. KPI is dependent on the house ‘s type and activity and its normally monitored usingA concern intelligenceA techniques. Nowadays KPI ‘s are monitored by a process called â€Å" Business Activity Monitoring ( BAM ) †4.2.1 Construction KPI ‘ sPull offing house ‘s growing and its economic challenges demands pull offing catching and subcontracting houses to develop a controlled concern scheme. As a portion of this scheme ; the KPI ‘s that should be monitored in building houses are: Liquid: A It refers to how much hard currency the houses is deriving or devouring. Labor Productivity: Productivity issues have a immense consequence on net income borders due to interrupt in labour budgets. Separating occupations within a undertaking is a must to place the difference between existent and theoretical labour outgos. Cash Flow: It refers to single undertakings and how much are impacting in hard currency. Committed Cost: Construction houses may confront fiscal exposure due to un-committed providers and subcontractor. In this instance the house should raise the committed costs proportion. Agenda Discrepancy: This index refers to the discrepancy timing in a undertaking. Project timeline should be monitored on a regular basis for minimal discrepancy. Un-approved alteration orders: Firms should extinguish fiscal exposure to place its un-approved alteration order. Customer Satisfaction: Firms should supervise its ability to run into the desired specification by analysing costumer feedback.

Henry Fleming and The Red Badge of Courage essays

Henry Fleming and The Red Badge of Courage essays In The Red Badge of Courage, a young man named Henry Fleming develops many attributes I compare and contrast to. Crane "paints" a vivid picture of what life was like for the fragile Henry Fleming. He demonstrates a sense of separation in Fleming's life that I can relate to. Crain portrays an image of insecurity in Henry, which I sharply collate with. As the narrative, The Red Badge of Courage opens, Henry and his mother are engaged in a quarrel about Henry leaving to join the Army. By going against his mother's wishes and disobeying her, he isolates himself from his family. Since my mother has shown favor to my older sister, I too, have separated myself from her. This isolation is imperative to the way Henry lives his life during his time in the Army, and to the way I live my daily life at home with my mother. Moral support is something that a family, especially a mother, provides for a child, but because Henry and I have disassociated our selves from our mothers, we neglect to receive this. This moral support is needed during the hard times of life, but when Henry looks for this support, he realizes that he's pushed it away, far out of his life, and that it is almost imperceptible. During war, a soldier's most important support system is his/her regiment. This is a support system that Henry has and then loses throughout this time period in his life. All through the war, Henry questions his courage and bravery. He wonders if he will turn and run when death is looking him in the eyes, or if he will decide to stay and do what he came to do; prove that he is a man and can handle even death itself. Throughout my life, I have continually stayed secure within myself, and always have trusted and stood by my decisions. During the battle, several soldiers are wounded earning their "red badge of courage" and Henry becomes envious of those men. The soldiers in the regiment feel a certain pride and respectability from earning their "red b...

Visa E-1 para comerciantes bajo tratado (import-export)

Visa E-1 para comerciantes bajo tratado (import-export) La E-1 permite a los ciudadanos de ciertos paà ­ses obtener una visa de trabajo para desarrollar o dirigir en Estados Unidos un negocio de comercio (import/export). La primera condicià ³n de la visa es pertenecer a uno de los paà ­ses con los que USA tiene un acuerdo de ese tipo. Listado de pases cuyos ciudadanos o compaas pueden solicitar una visa E-1 Hay que ser de un paà ­s con el que Estados Unidos tiene un acuerdo de comercio que permite privilegios migratorios. Son los siguientes: AlemaniaArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBà ©lgicaBoliviaBosnia-HerzegovinaBruneiCanadChileColombiaCorea del SurCosta RicaCroaciaDinamarcaEsloveniaEspaà ±aEstoniaEtiopà ­a  FilipinasFinlandiaFranciaGreciaHolandaHondurasIrnIrlandaIsraelItaliaJapà ³nJordaniaKosovoLetoniaLiberiaLuxemburgoMacedoniaMà ©xicoMontenegroNoruegaOmnPakistnParaguayPoloniaReino UnidoSerbiaSingapurSurinamSueciaSuizaTailandiaTaiwnTogoTurquà ­aYugoslavia Otros requisitos de la visa E-1 La persona o la empresa que solicita la visa tiene que tener ya un importante intercambio comercial con Estados Unidos. No sà ³lo tiene que tratarse de bienes, sino que tambià ©n pueden ser servicios. Adems, USA debe ser la fuente o destino de ms del 50 por ciento del total de intercambio comercial que tiene el solicitante de la visa. La relacià ³n comercial de importacià ³n/exportacià ³n debe tener un valor econà ³mico sustancial. Las leyes de inmigracià ³n no dicen exactamente cunto, pero sà ­ que debe ser relevante. El solicitante de la visa debe tener experiencia y conocimientos de negocio suficientes para desarrollar y dirigir el negocio. Por à ºltimo, esta es una visa no inmigrante, esto quiere decir que la persona a la que se le aprueba al visa tiene que salir de Estados Unidos una vez que su visa se cancele o no se renueve. Para quines estn pensadas estas visas Para ejecutivos y gerentes de empresas. Generalmente la visa es aprobada en 4-6 semanas.  A diferencia de lo que ocurre con la visa L-1 en el caso de la E-1 no es necesario demostrar haber trabajado con la empresa por dos aà ±os antes de aplicar por el visado.   Para trabajadores esenciales o especialistas. Si bien en estos casos es ms difà ­cil obtener la aprobacià ³n.   Pero si se consigue los trmites son muy rpidos: un par de semanas en la mayorà ­a de los casos. Visas para familiares de personas con una visa E-1 El cà ³nyuge y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os pueden solicitar una visa derivada. Pueden estudiar en Estados Unidos y solicitar un permiso de trabajo enviando el formulario I-765 al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y pagando la cuota correspondiente. Para las personas interesadas en traer a sus hijos con ellos a vivir en Estados Unidos es de interà ©s familiarizarse con los puntos bsicos del sistema educativo, antes de haber llegado ya al paà ­s y tener que escolarizar a los nià ±os. Adems, se podrà ­a solicitar la visa B para los empleados domà ©sticos del titular de una E-1. Vigencia de la visa Indefinidamente mientras se pruebe el nivel sustancial de la relacià ³n comercial entre Estados Unidos y el paà ­s del solicitante de la visa. En principio se otorga por dos aà ±os, que se puede extender en incrementos de otros dos aà ±os. Pero se puede renovar tantas veces como se necesite. Por regla general cuando el titular de la visa E-1 viaja fuera de Estados Unidos y se vuelve a ingresar se otorga automticamente esa extensià ³n. Pero esto no sucede con su familia que tiene visado derivado y debe pedir la extensià ³n antes de que su visa actual expire. Esto es muy importante para evitar quedarse en una situacià ³n de ilegalidad migratoria. Forma jurdica para la empresa y dnde crearla Existen 10 tipos de empresa que se pueden crear. Se puede elegir la ms conveniente. Asimismo, a la hora de crear un negocio conviene tener en cuenta asuntos como el monto de los impuestos locales y estatales y tambià ©n el nivel de vida, es decir, cunto es el costo de la vivienda, alimentacià ³n, seguro mà ©dico, transporte, etc. No todos los estados brindan las mismas condiciones para hacer negocios siendo estos los considerados como ms pro-business. En Estados Unidos hay grandes diferencias geogrficas y las condiciones de vida pueden ser radicalmente distintas en un lugar o en otro, como demuestra este listado de las 10 ciudades ms caras y de las 10 ciudades ms baratas.  Por lo tanto antes de elegir dà ³nde crear la empresa, es de obligacià ³n asesorarse.   Otras opciones cuando la E-1 no es posible o conveniente La visa E-2 para inversià ³n incluye algunos paà ­ses no presentes en el listado de la E-1. Es una visa parecida, pero diferente. Una de las cosas que hay que tener muy claras respecto a la E-2 es cà ³mo entender la cantidad a invertir. Si ni la E-1 ni la E-2 son opciones, estas  8 posibles visas para fundar una empresa en USA (startup). Adems, hay ms de 20 paà ­ses que permiten obtener la ciudadanà ­a y/o la residencia a cambio de una inversià ³n. Las condiciones y los precios varà ­an.   Por à ºltimo, si se tiene un mà ­nimo de medio millà ³n de dà ³lares para invertir, la visa de inmigrante EB-5 es una opcià ³n. Se obtiene una green card (tarjeta de residencia) para el inversionista y su familia. Y si se decide asentarse en los Estados Unidos ya sea temporalmente con una visa o definitivamente con una green card es muy importante conocer desde el principio temas legales, migratorios y sociales que van a hacer la vida ms fcil.    Curiosidad Los hispanos somos en la actualidad el grupo minoritario ms numeroso en los Estados Unidos.   Estas son las 10 nacionalidades de hispanos ms exitosas en Estados Unidos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Online discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Online discussion - Essay Example The replica is someone very similar to the individual rather than the individual being himself/herself. While the replica is contiguous psychologically to the extent of complete dematerialization, its cause is not normal. The belief that telereporter takes the individual to the Mars is wrong line of reasoning because the individual wants the person existing on Mars to be him/her that is not possible. This line of reasoning is hence fallacious as it lies under the Ego Theory. Ego Theory suggests that the continued existence of an individual is explained through experiential persistence. For example, split-brain patients’ brains are deprived of the dominant hemisphere due to which, their left hand writes blue and the other writes red when they are asked what color they see when presented a blue placard appearing on one side and a red on another. The Ego Theory separates an individual from experiences which is